@Article{SanoRKWASBF:2021:CaStBr,
               author = "Sano, Edson E. and Rizzoli, Paola and Koyama, Christian N. and 
                         Watanabe, Manabu and Adami, Marcos and Shimabukuro, Yosio Edemir 
                         and Bayma, Gustavo and Freitas, Daniel M.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais 
                         Renov{\'a}veis (IBAMA)} and {German Aerospace Center} and {Tokyo 
                         Denki University} and {Tokyo Denki University} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa 
                         Agropecu{\'a}ria - EMBRAPA} and {Instituto Brasileiro de Meio 
                         Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renov{\'a}veis (IBAMA)}",
                title = "Comparative analysis of the global forest/non\‐forest maps 
                         derived from sar and optical sensors. Case studies from brazilian 
                         amazon and cerrado biomes",
              journal = "Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "13",
               number = "3",
                pages = "1--25",
                month = "Feb.",
             abstract = "Global\‐scale forest/non\‐forest (FNF) maps are of 
                         crucial importance for applications like biomass estimation and 
                         deforestation monitoring. Global FNF maps based on optical remote 
                         sensing data have been produced by the 
                         wall\‐to\‐wall satellite image analyses or sampling 
                         strategies. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Japan 
                         Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) also made available their 
                         global FNF maps based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. This 
                         paper attempted to answer the following scientific question: how 
                         comparable are the FNF products derived from optical and SAR data? 
                         As test sites we selected the Amazon (tropical rainforest) and 
                         Cerrado (tropical savanna) biomes, the two largest Brazilian 
                         biomes. Forest estimations from 2015 derived from TanDEM\‐X 
                         (X band; HH polarization) and ALOS\‐2 (L band; HV 
                         polarization) SAR data, as well as forest cover information 
                         derived from Landsat 8 optical data were compared with each other 
                         at the municipality and image sampling levels. The 
                         optical\‐based forest estimations considered in this study 
                         were derived from the MapBiomas project, a Brazilian 
                         multi\‐institutional project to map land use and land cover 
                         (LULC) classes of an entire country based on historical time 
                         series of Landsat data. In addition to the existing forest maps, a 
                         set of 1619 Landsat 8 RGB color composites was used to generate 
                         new independent comparison data composed of circular areas with 
                         5\‐km diameter, which were visually interpreted after image 
                         segmentation. The Spearman rank correlation estimated the 
                         correlation among the data sets and the paired MannWhitneyWilcoxon 
                         tested the hypothesis that the data sets are statistically equal. 
                         Results showed that forest maps derived from SAR and optical 
                         satellites are statistically different regardless of biome or 
                         scale of study (municipality or image sampling), except for the 
                         Cerrado´s forest estimations derived from TanDEM\‐X and 
                         ALOS\‐2. Nevertheless, the percentage of pixels classified 
                         as forest or non\‐forest by both SAR sensors were 90% and 
                         80% for the Amazon and Cerrado biome, respectively, indicating an 
                         overall good agreement.",
                  doi = "10.3390/rs13030367",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030367",
                 issn = "2072-4292",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "sano_comparative.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}